Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis, depending on the patient's condition, is used both in combination with drug therapy and independently. The following types of physiotherapy are used for osteochondrosis: laser therapy, Detensor therapy, electrotherapy, shock wave therapy, magnetotherapy, mud and balneotherapy, ultrasound therapy, ultraviolet radiation (UFO). After successfully alleviating the deterioration, massage and physiotherapy exercises were presented.
UFO:under the influence of UVA, vitamin D is formed in the skin, which helps the absorption of calcium. The method is carried out using radiation that has bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Ultrasound therapy and phonophoresis:during ultrasound therapy, the body is exposed to high-frequency sounds (20 kHz or more). Thanks to its effect, the method relieves pain of different localization. This method is combined with the introduction of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs (ultraphonophoresis) for their better penetration into the affected tissues.
Shockwave therapy:the method consists in transmitting an acoustic wave to a painful area of the body. This type: removes pain, improves microcirculation, improves metabolism.
Detent therapy: the method consists of stretching the spine using the patient’s body weight.
Laser therapy:the method has a healing effect using helium-neon lasers. Due to the activation of bioelectrical processes in the tissues of the nervous system, laser therapy has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Laser radiation is performed along the inflamed spinal roots. In osteochondrosis, the effect on the paravertebral zones of the affected spine is used.
Electrotherapy:Electrotherapy has multiple effects on the body: it removes pain and discomfort, improves nutrition and trophism of affected tissues. Impulse currents have a very effective therapeutic effect. Their mechanism of action on the body is determined by the influence on nerve receptors. Low frequency impulses contribute to the extinction of acute pain and are prescribed as first aid for severe pain syndrome. The following types of currents are used: diadynamic therapy (DDT), ampulse therapy (SMT), interference therapy, transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS), UHF electric field.
Magnetotherapy:Physiotherapy of osteochondrosis includes the use of magnetotherapy which has a decongestant, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effect. The chokes are placed on the affected spine and limbs.
Balneotherapy and mud therapy:balneotherapy for osteochondrosis consists of the use of mineral waters (local and general baths, swimming pools, showers) for the purpose of treatment and rehabilitation. During the procedure, minerals penetrate the skin and act on receptors and nerve centers.
In mud treatment, the effect on the body occurs under the influence of temperature and chemical composition of medicinal mud. Mud is used in the form of applications.
Balneotherapy stimulates metabolism, improves blood circulation and relieves inflammation and pain.
Combined methods of physiotherapy: Combined methods of physiotherapy for osteochondrosis are most often prescribed. For example, in severe pain, diadynamic therapy and electrophoresis (diadynamophoresis) using novocaine are used. The acupuncture-laser puncture method is used for the one-step effect on biologically active points. Its action is the activation of points with acupuncture needles and laser radiation.
Blatotherapy is often used with electrotherapy (electrophoresis with mud solution, inductothermy with mud, galvanic mud therapy).
Joint treatment
All diseases of the joints can be divided into two main groups - joint lesions caused by metabolic disorders and arthritis. Of course, in any case, joint treatment is carried out according to their own special program.
Joint treatment,whether it is arthritis, arthrosis, rheumatism or some other disease, it must necessarily be complex, and the main task to be solved by treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease, and thus the painful symptoms.
Treatment with modern techniques is aimed at removing or minimizing pain, signs of local or general inflammation, and repairing affected joints. Complex treatment usually begins with drug therapy.
The patient is prescribed painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that help restore articular cartilage, strengthen the immune system. Joint treatment at this stage can alleviate the symptoms of pain. It often involves the intra-articular administration of drugs so that the therapeutic substance in the desired concentration enters directly into the cavity of the diseased joint. This increases the effectiveness of drug treatment.
Furthermore, when the main symptoms of the acute phase are safely removed, the treatment is continued with the help of a complex of physiotherapeutic procedures, exercise exercises, and massage. Today, the treatment of joints with physiotherapeutic methods has found a very wide application.
Pulsed currents (DDT, SMT), magnetotherapy, EHF-therapy, laser therapy, electrophoresis with medicinal substances, ultrasound and phonophoresis are used. When the deterioration subsides, balneotherapy (various types of baths) and mud therapy are combined. Physiotherapy and massage are prescribed.
Treatment of back pain
There are many reasons for this pain. First of all, excruciating pain can occur due to hernia (bulge) of the intervertebral disc, osteochondrosis and pathology of the nervous system. Most often, back pain occurs in those people who have been in the same position for a long time.
However, the most common reason is lack of physical activity! This reduces the blood flow in the ligaments, joints and intervertebral discs, causing the cartilage that forms them to begin to disintegrate. Weakening of the ligament apparatus is the cause of all spinal diseases. When pain occurs, consult a doctor immediately who will determine the cause, make the correct diagnosis, and prescribe treatment.
To reduce the risk of back pain, you need to move more, monitor your weight and do at least minimal gymnastics (15 minutes a day is enough).
Proper nutrition is also very important - it is one of the keys to good health and longevity, and the spine needs protein to maintain flexibility and calcium for strength. Calcium is found in large amounts in hard cheese, liver, nuts, cottage cheese, eggs and proteins in meat and dairy products. The bones and ligaments of the spine also need microelements: phosphorus (there is a lot of it in bran, peas, fish), magnesium and manganese (there are them in sea fish, onions, potatoes), as well as fatty acids - their source is nuts, fatty sea fish. and olive oil.
When back pain worsens, treatment begins with medications — usually pain relievers, diuretics, and medications that relieve muscle cramps. However, there are no medications without side effects, they are used only for a limited time, and most importantly, they do not eliminate the cause of back pain and do not prevent relapse of the disease. In the acute period, treatment methods such as traction are also used, as well as wearing necklaces and corsets, which enables relief of the diseased spine.
In addition to emergency medicine - drugs that relieve muscle cramps and pain, the most important treatment for osteochondrosis is physiotherapy, which helps reduce pain in the acute period of the disease, improves blood circulation in tissues, prevents malnutrition of ligaments, muscles and joints and prevents movement disorders.
Modern physiotherapy is a branch of medicine that has a powerful arsenal of treatment tools, and it distinguishes two large blocks - physiotherapy exercises with massage and electrotherapy. Therapeutic massage is one of the most effective methods of treating osteochondrosis and back pain, as it improves blood circulation in deep tissues and removes muscle blocks ("clamps"), which are the main cause of severe pain.
One of the most effective methods of electrotherapy is drug electrophoresis - it is a means of targeted drug delivery to the diseased organ, which improves the tissue supply to tissues.
Impulse currents - DDT, SMT - have a pronounced analgesic, antispasmodic and trophic effect. Also, laser, magnetic laser is used to treat back pain. This method allows you to quickly relieve swelling associated with inflammation and, consequently, pain that occurs in edematous and compressed tissues.
Magnetotherapy is used in the form of permanent or alternating magnetic fields, it is also able to quickly stop swelling and pain.
D'arsonval currents are effective - they are "ozonized" currents used to relieve painful muscle cramps, high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations that eliminate inflammation and help dissolve dissolve, increasing tissue elasticity.
Physiotherapy plays a special role in physiotherapy. Its importance is often underestimated, and after all, without a full-fledged muscle corset, it is impossible to cure back pain and prevent recurrence of osteochondrosis.
Physiotherapy is of particular importance in trauma and in the postoperative period. Its use will help prevent the recurrence of back pain that occurs due to so-called "motor stereotypes". For example, an office worker who spends his entire working day sitting at a computer or a salesman whose main workload falls on his feet. Regular health gymnastics, yoga, pilates and other types of exercises can also become a very effective way to combat "motor automatisms".
Treatment of neck pain
Pain can be caused by a variety of reasons, from muscle spasms to herniated discs on the cervical spine. If the neck pain occurs once (due to a sudden turn of the head, uncomfortable posture during sleep), then it will most likely go away on its own in a few days.
To reduce the pain, you only need to reduce the static load on the neck muscles (do not keep your head tilted for a long time), do not get carried away by excessive physical exertion, do not make sudden neck movements.
If neck pain is constant or recurrent, accompanied by headache, stiffness of the upper limbs, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination.
Physiotherapy of neck pain is aimed at alleviating the pain syndrome, improving blood circulation and microcirculation in the affected segment, providing anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects, eliminating metabolic and dystrophic disorders and reducing movement disorders.
Physical factors are used in the phases of inpatient and outpatient treatment, after the discharge of the patient from the hospital, as well as in early postoperative rehabilitation. In the acute period: after 4-5 days (as the severity of the process decreases), laser therapy, pulse currents (SMT, DDT, interference currents), magnetotherapy, UFO segmental zones, darsonvalization of the cervical spine and occipital part of the head, substance electrophoresis prescribedis a local anesthetic, blocking the ganglia to pain zones.
In the subacute period, drug phonophoresis, magnetotherapy, drug electrophoresis, microwave electromagnetic fields (SMV, UHF), laser therapy are used.
In the phase of remission: thermotherapy is connected, including ozokerite and mud therapy for the neck collar zone, balneotherapy (iodine-bromine, turpentine baths, laurel baths, bischofite baths), underwater shower massage, therapeutic massage.
Treatment of low back pain
The feeling of pain in the lower back occurs due to an imbalance of the musculoskeletal system. In this case, soft tissue microtraumatization occurs, as a result of which chemically irritating ingredients (pain mediators) are released unnecessarily. They cause muscle cramps and back pain.
The origin of lumbodinia is mainly associated with osteochondrosis that is localized in the lumbar region. Lumbodynia is characterized by painful pain in the lower back with moderate or traumatic factors of lumbodinia: physical fatigue, systematic or excessive physical exertion; sharp movements; constant work in an "unphysiological" or long-term stay in an uncomfortable position; lower back bruising, hypothermia, cold, etc.
The low back pain treatment program includes the following main points:
- Bed rest eight to ten days. At the same time, the bed should be flat and firm. "Resting" on such a surface allows the back muscles to relax.
- Medical treatment for lumbago includes the use of sedatives and painkillers and novocaine blockade (with severe pain).
From the methods of physiotherapy, you can use electrophoresis of analgesics, pulsed currents, ultraviolet radiation of segmental zones. In the acute period, the patient may be prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, injections, suppositories or ointments that relieve muscle spasms. Warming creams can be used only during the rehabilitation period (third day of deterioration). In the acute period, they can cause swelling and increase pain.
- After the removal of the acute pain, the treatment of lumbago continues with the help of exercise, massage and manual therapy.
The main task at this stage is to strengthen the muscular corset and reduce the compression of the nerve roots. Special exercises for lumbago help to normalize metabolism, improve blood circulation and nutrition of intervertebral discs, relieve muscle tension, increase intervertebral space and relieve the spine.
In addition, acupuncture, hydromassage, mineral baths, mud therapy and other physiotherapy are prescribed in the remission phase (see Treatment of back pain). Thanks to that, blood circulation improves, it provides an anti-inflammatory and resorbing effect.
Physiotherapy treatment
Physiotherapy (from the Greek physis - nature and therapy), a branch of medicine that studies the healing properties of physical factors and develops methods for their use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Modern physiotherapy uses magnetic, electric and electromagnetic fields of low, high, ultra high and ultra high frequencies, artificial light radiation (from infrared to ultraviolet and monochromatic coherent), mechanical vibrations (from infrared to ultrasonic), etc.
Physical factors have influenced humans during its evolution, so physiotherapy procedures have a greater physiological effect on the body than many drugs.
Physiotherapy treatment can be used alone or in combination with drug therapy, manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises. The variety of factors and techniques used in physiotherapy determines the possibilities of individual influence on the body and targeted influence on the pathological process without negative side effects.
The use of physiotherapy is possible in almost all fields of medicine: otolaryngology, gastroenterology, gynecology, urology, pulmonology, orthopedics and traumatology, neurology, surgery, cardiology and others.
There is a fairly wide range of physiotherapy treatments, including mud therapy, hydrotherapy (various mineral and aromatic baths, underwater shower massage), magnetotherapy, laser therapy, various types of currents (galvanic, pulse, high frequency), electromagnetic waves UHF, microwave, EHF, inhalation herbs, halotherapy, vibration traction devices, physiotherapy room, staff of qualified masseurs.
The Department of Physical Methods of Treatment also conducts therapeutic methods of acupuncture, electrical stimulation for various neurological diseases. All physiotherapy treatment is prescribed by the physiotherapist of the department, taking into account the disease and the general condition of the patient.
Rehabilitation
Medical rehabilitation is a complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, the goal of which is to restore the patient's lost abilities as much as possible after various diseases.
Rehabilitation is also aimed at restoring the patient's muscle strength, as well as preventing recurrence or complications. Today, medical rehabilitation is not just prescribing any type of exercise after discharge from the hospital or a course of physiotherapy at the end of an inpatient period.
Rehabilitation is a complex of activities that includes the participation of doctors from different fields - physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists, speech therapists and others. As a result, complex rehabilitation allows the patient to fully recover, not partially. The success of treatment depends on the correct diagnosis, as well as on the optimally selected and conducted treatment, as well as on the correct and timely rehabilitation of the patient.
Rehabilitation has a single goal - to restore the patient's lost functions as much as possible based on the existing consequences of the injury or illness and the treatment provided.
Depending on the area of application, rehabilitation can be: orthopedic - it is performed after injuries and operations for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, fractures, spinal malformations and posture disorders. Neurological and neurosurgical is one of the most serious types of rehabilitation, because its implementation includes the largest number of specialists - neurologists, physiotherapists, massage therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, etc.
This rehabilitation is needed after injuries and operations on the nervous system (brain, spinal cord), diseases of the peripheral nervous system (nerve bundles), strokes, paresis and paralysis. Cardiac rehabilitation - rehabilitation after an acute heart attack, with cardiovascular diseases.
The goal of rehabilitation is rapid regeneration of muscles with their atrophies associated with prolonged physical inactivity, to restore strength and tone of limbs, restore full range of motion in joints after immobilization (after fracture), accelerate cartilage tissue regeneration, improve trophism of organic and bone tissues, increasemobility of adhesions in the abdominal cavity after abdominal surgery, increase the overall tone of the patient and improve psycho-emotional state, relieve pain and swelling after joint injuries, restore physical activity after stroke, paresis and paralysis, as well as postoperatively in patients after surgery related to diseases and injuries-bone system (after injuries, fractures, bruises and sprains).
It is worth noting that the rehabilitation process itself is based on stimulating the patient's own capabilities under external influence. Physical exercises, modern equipment help stimulate local and general immunity, improve tissue regeneration processes, restore blood and lymph circulation.
Methods of medical rehabilitation include the following methods: corrective gymnastics, massage, kinesitherapy, physiotherapy, manual therapy, electromyostimulation (consists of improving the conduction of nerve impulses to skeletal muscles), psychological assistance, speech therapy.
It should be noted that one of the key points of any rehabilitation are physiotherapeutic methods aimed at restoring lost functions and stimulating movement in the patient, accelerating reparative processes in tissues and organs, especially in the musculoskeletal system, nervous and vascular system.
One of the advantages of physiotherapy methods is that they do not use drugs, which means that there is no risk of allergic reactions and side effects, drug addiction does not develop, and treatment methods that are usually non-invasive.
Properly selected complex of rehabilitation programs will help the patient to recover as quickly as possible after illness, injury or surgery, will restore his sense of freedom of movement and the ability to communicate with people around him without any restrictions.